Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amashishini ehlabathi asebenzisa isinyithi ngokudibanisa nokuthenga, uxinaniso lwamashishini luyaqhubeka nokwanda. Xa kufika u-2023, iingenelo zoshishino lwesinyithi zingene kwixesha eliphantsi, ikakhulu ngenxa yokunyuka kweendleko zezinye izinto eziluhlaza kunye nokwehla okukhulu kwamaxabiso entsimbi, okubangele ukwehla kweenzuzo zeenkampani. Ngokwemeko nganye, ubomi bube ngumxholo walo nyaka, ukuncitshiswa kweprojekthi nganye, ukugxila okulinganiselweyo ekuphuculeni inkqubo, uphuhliso oluluhlaza olusebenzisa i-carbon ephantsi kunye nokuveliswa okukrelekrele. Ezifana nokuguqulwa "kokukhupha okuphantsi kakhulu" kunye namandla "ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla okugqithisileyo", kunye nokukhawulezisa ukuveliswa kobuchwepheshe obusebenzisa i-carbon ephantsi kunye notshintsho lwedijithali kwicandelo lezoshishino.
● Ukunyibilikisa intsimbi
1. Utshintsho ekunyibilikiseni okusekelwe kwikhabhoni ekunyibilikiseni okusekelwe kwihayidrojini
Indlela yokunyibilikisa isinyithi nentsimbi kwi-hydrogen metallurgy, kodwa umthombo wangoku we-hydrogen eluhlaza unqongophele, ngenxa yale ngxaki, kwi-blast furnace smelting yexesha elifutshane kusetyenziswa i-coke oven gas endaweni ye-coke njenge-reducing agent, njenge-XIYE Iron kunye ne-Steel hydrogen-based shaft furnace, kunye ne-modular high temperature cooled nuclear reactor nayo iyavuthwa. Imveliso ye-hydrogen evela kwi-coke oven gas kwimisebenzi yentsimbi.
2. Inkqubo emfutshane yokunyibilikisa
Ngenxa yoxinzelelo lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ukunyibilikisa isinyithi ngexesha elifutshane kuya kwandisa umlinganiselo. Itekhnoloji yokwenza isinyithi yokunciphisa ukunyibilikisa isinyithi efana nesithando sombane.
3. Imveliso edibeneyo ekhawulezileyo
Kangangexesha elide, enye yezona ndlela ziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwegesi yentsimbi kukufudumala komlilo. Nangona ezi zisebenzisa amandla obushushu egesi, ixabiso lazo alikabonakali ngokupheleleyo. Igesi inemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yeenxalenye ze-H2 kunye ne-CO, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwegesi ukuvelisa i-LNG, i-ethanol, i-ethylene glycol, njl.njl., kuneenzuzo ezilungileyo kwezoqoqosho. Xa kuthelekiswa nomzi-mveliso weekhemikhali zamalahle ukuvelisa i-CO kunye ne-H2 uze emva koko uvelise i-LNG, i-ethanol, i-ethylene glycol, inexabiso elikhulu.
Ngenxa yemfuno yokunciphisa ikhabhoni, iiprojekthi ezinje ngokutsalwa kwe-CO2 kunye nokuqina kwayo zizise iindaba ezimnandi. Kumashishini esinyithi, njengegesi ye-lime kiln flue kunye negesi ye-boiler flue enomxholo omkhulu we-CO2. I-CO2 ingasetyenziswa ekunyibilikiseni intsimbi, ekucinezeleni uthuli, ekuthuthweni kwe-cold chain, kushishino lokutya, njl.njl., imfuno yemarike inkulu, kwaye ishishini le-metallurgical linenzuzo yalo yeendleko. Iiprojekthi ze-photovoltaic zinokuzisa izalathisi ezithile zekhabhoni kumashishini, kwaye uninzi lwee-steel mills nazo zakha iiprojekthi ze-photovoltaic, kodwa ukuba umahluko kumaxabiso ombane unokuzisa iingenelo kumashishini kukwaluphawu olubalulekileyo lokuba iprojekthi ingafika na.
4. Ubukrelekrele besinyithi
Imarike yesinyithi iya kukhawulezisa ngakumbi isantya sokusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo kunye netekhnoloji yolwazi kwishishini lesinyithi, kwaye ikhawulezise inkqubo yokwenziwa kwedijithali kunye nobukrelekrele. Iziko lolawulo eliphakathi, indawo yokugcina izinto ezingenamntu, umlinganiselo wobushushu berobhothi, ukuhlolwa, kunye nokuthatha iisampulu kuya kuba kuninzi nangakumbi.
Ngokukhutshwa nokusetyenziswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo eyahlukeneyo yesizwe ye-dual-carbon, amashishini asezantsi kwishishini lesinyithi anemfuno ekhulayo yedatha yovavanyo lomjikelo wobomi bonke beemveliso ezithengiweyo, kwaye uvavanyo lomjikelo wobomi beemveliso zesinyithi kunye novavanyo lwekhabhoni olusekelwe kuyo lube ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo kwi-uphuhliso oluluhlaza nolunekhabhoni ephantsi kwishishini lesinyithi kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi abasezantsi. Ukwenza uvavanyo lomjikelo wobomi bemveliso yindlela ebalulekileyo yokuziqhelanisa nophuhliso lwesizwe olunekhabhoni ephantsi, olunekhabhoni ephantsi kunye nomgangatho ophezulu, ukukhuthaza ukonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ikhabhoni kwishishini lesinyithi nesinyithi kunye nokuphucula impembelelo yophawu.
● Ukonga amandla entsimbi kunye neteknoloji yokukhusela okusingqongileyo
1. Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kakhulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla esibini
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kakuhle kweshishini lesinyithi kuye kwanda unyaka nonyaka, kwelinye icala, izixhobo ezintsha ziphuculwe, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuye kwancitshiswa. Kwelinye icala, ukubuyiswa kokugqibela kwamandla esibini, ubushushu beyunithi yokubuyiselwa kwencasa ephezulu nephakathi kuyaqhubeka nokwanda, kwaye ubushushu obuphantsi bubuyiselwa emva komnye, kwaye ubushushu bungasetyenziswa ngamanyathelo. Amandla anexabiso eliphezulu leekhalori asetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane okanye ukuvelisa iikhemikhali, kwaye amandla anexabiso eliphantsi leekhalori asetyenziselwa ukufudumeza abemi basezidolophini abangqongileyo, ukulima amachibi njl. Ukudibana kwemveliso yentsimbi kunye nendlela yokuphila yabantu akuphuculi nje kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho kwamashishini, kodwa kukwathatha indawo yeebhoyila ezincinci kwaye kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kunye nekhabhoni.
1. 1 Inkqubo yesithando sombane
Inkqubo yokupholisa umphunga epheleleyo, endaweni yenxalenye yokuqala yombhobho wokupholisa amanzi, iphucula kakhulu ukubuyiswa komphunga weetoni zentsimbi. Ngokwenkqubo yeprojekthi, itoni ephezulu yokubuyiswa komphunga wentsimbi inokufikelela kwi-300kg/t yentsimbi, engaphezulu ngokuphindwe kathathu kokubuyiswa kokuqala.
1.2 Isiguquli
Inkqubo yokuqala yokucoca igesi yombhobho wesiguquli ngokubanzi isebenzisa indlela yokomisa. Phantsi kwenkqubo yokomisa ekhoyo, ubushushu obuseleyo obuvela kumahluko wobushushu we-1000℃-300℃ abufunyanwa. Okwangoku, zininzi kuphela iiseti zezixhobo zovavanyo ezisebenza ixesha elifutshane.
1.3 Isithando somlilo esiqhumayo
Ukubuyiselwa ngokupheleleyo kwegesi ye-blast-furnace kunokufezekiswa ngokubuyiselwa kwegesi yokulinganisa uxinzelelo kunye negesi yokuqhumisa. Okwangoku, uninzi lwee-blast furnace alucingi ngokubuyiselwa, okanye ukubuyiselwa okuncinci kuphela.
1.4 Ukuhluza
Phinda usebenzise ubushushu obumdaka obuvela kwicandelo lobushushu obuphezulu kwi-ring cooler ukuze kwenziwe umbane; Amanzi ashushu anokwenziwa ukuze kuqhutyekwe okanye kufudunyezwe emva kokubuyiselwa kobushushu obumdaka kwicandelo lobushushu obuphakathi nakwicandelo lobushushu obuphantsi kwi-ring cooler; Ukujikeleza kwegesi yolwelo olushushu kuthanda ukujikeleza kwangaphakathi, kuyimfuneko ukwandisa ifeni yokujikeleza koxinzelelo oluphezulu, ifeni yomoya omtsha kunye nezixhobo zombane ezixhasayo.
Ubushushu obukhulu benkunkuma yolwelo, ubushushu benkunkuma yokupholisa iringi ukongeza ekuveliseni umbane, kodwa ikwasetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa komphunga kunye nobuchwepheshe bokutsala kabini bombane ukuqhuba ifeni ephambili yokukhupha, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa komphunga, ukunciphisa ikhonkco lokuguqula, ukuphucula iingenelo zoqoqosho.
1.5 Ukupheka
Ukongeza kwi-coke yokucima ukoma yendabuko, kusetyenziswe i-ammonia yokujikeleza kwe-coke, i-primary cooler, i-waste heat, i-rise pipe waste heat, i-flue gas waste heat.
1.6 Ukuqengqeleka kwentsimbi
Ukusetyenziswa kobushushu obumdaka obuvela kwigesi yolwelo lwentsimbi kunye nesithando sonyango lobushushu. Ubushushu bungumthombo wobushushu ophantsi, kwaye iimfuno zobushushu bokuphelisa i-sulfurization zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amanzi ashushu.
2. Ingcamango yokukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nokukhutshwa komoya okuphantsi kakhulu igxile kakhulu ezintliziyweni zabantu
2. 1 Ukusebenza kokusingqongileyo kwesixhobo ngasinye sokusila intsimbi yi-A
Ukuze kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo nokuqinisekisa imveliso eqhelekileyo, uninzi lwee-northern steel mills zigqibile ukubhoboza u-A, nokuba amashishini e-northern steel angakhange agqibe ukubhoboza u-A, kukho inani elikhulu lamashishini e-southern steel, nawo asebenza kweli cala. Imisebenzi ephambili zizibonelelo zokususa uthuli, izibonelelo zokususa i-sulfurization kunye ne-denitrification, izixhobo eziya kwindawo yokugcina izinto, ukunciphisa ukufika, iindawo zokuvelisa uthuli zivaliwe, ukucinywa kothuli njalo njalo.
2.2 Ishishini le-aluminiyam yekhabhoni, ele-electrolytic
I-carbon, i-aluminium ye-electrolytic industry amatyala okukhusela okusingqongileyo ngakumbi, i-aluminium, i-aluminium yentaba kunye namanye amashishini akwindlela yokusebenza kokusingqongileyo kwe-A work.
2.3 Unyango lwenkunkuma emithathu
Iimfuneko zokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo inkunkuma eqinileyo ayisuki kumzi-mveliso, amanzi amdaka ukuze ihlangabezane nemigangatho yokukhupha. Kwelinye icala, amashishini esinyithi nentsimbi omile aze acinezele izithako, kwaye ukukhupha nokulahla inkunkuma kokugqibela kuyahambelana. Imarike ifuna iinkqubo ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe bokunyanga igesi yenkunkuma, inkunkuma eqinileyo equlethe ikhabhoni, isinyithi, inkunkuma enobungozi, ungcoliseko lomhlaba kunye namanzi amdaka e-phenol cyanide, amanzi anetyuwa exineneyo kunye namanzi amdaka abandayo.
2.4 Ukucocwa kwegesi
Ngokuphuculwa kweemfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, igesi ephinda isetyenziswe inokuqokelelwa ngaxeshanye, kwaye neemfuno ezintsha nazo ziyabekwa phambili kumgangatho wegesi. Inkqubo yesiqhelo yokucoca igesi ye-coke oven kunye negesi ye-blast furnace iqwalasela ukususwa kothuli kunye ne-inorganic sulfur, kwaye ngoku ifuna ukususwa kwe-organic sulfur. Imakethi ifuna iinkqubo ezintsha kunye nezixhobo ezintsha kule mfuno.
2.5 Itekhnoloji yokutsha etyebileyo ngeoksijini, ukutsha kweoksijini ecocekileyo
Ukuze kuphuculwe izinga lokusetyenziswa kweoksijini nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwegesi, kusetyenziswa ukutsha kweoksijini eninzi okanye ioksijini ecocekileyo kwi-furnace yokufudumeza, kwi-oven nakwibhoyila.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-13-2023